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ppt/media/PK
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üDU\ ppt/slideMasters/_rels/PK
üDU\ ppt/slides/PK
üDU\ ppt/slides/_rels/PK
üDU\
ppt/theme/PK
üDU\ ppt/notesMasters/PK
üDU\ ppt/notesMasters/_rels/PK
üDU\ ppt/notesSlides/PK
üDU\ ppt/notesSlides/_rels/PK
üDU\
¡˜(Ï* Ï* [Content_Types].xml
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üDU\ðÜÈø] ] _rels/.rels
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üDU\²^µâ‰ ‰ docProps/app.xml
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üDU\ùG°ì ì docProps/core.xml
PptxGenJS Presentation
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ChatGPT
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2026-02-21T08:39:56Z
2026-02-21T08:39:56Z
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üDU\¤mÏ!é é ppt/_rels/presentation.xml.rels
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üDU\±>o‹ ‹ ppt/theme/theme1.xmlPK
üDU\uÃVU; ; ppt/presentation.xml
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üDU\+ÂX¦ ¦ ppt/slides/slide1.xml
Punctuations in EnglishThe 14 core punctuation marks, explained with clear rules and strong examples., ? ! : ; “ � ’ - — ( ) [ ] … /Designed for fast learning: rule → when to use → 3+ examplesPK
üDU\nG¨X X ppt/slides/_rels/slide1.xml.rels
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üDU\5cšmˆ ˆ ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide1.xml
[Sources]
- https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1743385779499-076d13d4cfcf (Unsplash image URL from search results)
- https://unsplash.com/photos/notebook-pens-pencil-and-coffee-ready-to-write-VUZZs_uzJok (Unsplash photo page / license)
[/Sources]1PK
üDU\»:AË Ë * ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide1.xml.rels
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üDU\ãÏAJ> J> ppt/slides/slide2.xml
Why punctuation mattersPunctuation is the “traffic system� of writing: it controls stops, pauses, links, and emphasis. Without helpful punctuationLet’s eat Grandma.With the right punctuationLet’s eat, Grandma.A comma can change meaning completely. Without helpful punctuationI didn’t say she stole the money.With the right punctuationI didn’t say she stole the money!End marks help show tone and intent.PK
üDU\쬎Kâ â ppt/slides/_rels/slide2.xml.rels
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üDU\ý†Ø ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide2.xml
[Sources]
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/index.html (overview of punctuation)
[/Sources]2PK
üDU\xÕ·Ë Ë * ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide2.xml.rels
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üDU\œ1×.‰U ‰U ppt/slides/slide3.xml
The 14 punctuation marks at a glanceA quick way to remember: punctuation can END, SEPARATE, ENCLOSE, JOIN, or OMIT. End marks. ? ! Separators, : ; Enclosers“ � ( ) [ ] Joiners- — / Omission… Possession’Next: one slide per mark → rules → when to use → 3 examples → common pitfalls + practice PK
üDU\0<–Ml l ppt/slides/_rels/slide3.xml.rels
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üDU\„¡ä g g ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide3.xml
[Sources]
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/index.html
[/Sources]
[Sources]
- https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1542435503-956c469947f6 (Unsplash image URL from search results)
[/Sources]3PK
üDU\9YÙË Ë * ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide3.xml.rels
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üDU\w¬÷úH úH ppt/slides/slide4.xml
1. Period (.) .Core ideaEnds a complete statement(or an abbreviation).How to use itEnd declarative sentences and mild commands.Use in common abbreviations (Dr., etc.) and initials (J. K. Rowling).Use for decimals (3.14) and many website addresses.Examples Example 1The results were consistent across three trials. Example 2Dr. Ahmed reviewed the final draft at 6:30 p.m. Example 3A 0.9% saline solution contains 0.9 g of NaCl per 100 mL.PK
üDU\�Uÿâ â ppt/slides/_rels/slide4.xml.rels
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üDU\çÍ“‹ö ö ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide4.xml
[Sources]
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/punctuation/index.html
[/Sources]4PK
üDU\¿JŒË Ë * ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide4.xml.rels
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üDU\ɪÃWK WK ppt/slides/slide5.xml
2. Comma (,) ,Core ideaShows a short pauseand separates parts.How to use itSeparate items in a list or series.After an introductory word/phrase/clause.Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independent clauses (and, but, or, so, yet, for, nor).Set off nonessential information (appositives, parenthetical phrases).Examples Example 1After the lecture, we compared notes and revised our summary. Example 2Mina bought tea, sugar, cardamom, and saffron for the recipe. Example 3I wanted to submit early, but the citation manager crashed again.PK
üDU\?5É$â â ppt/slides/_rels/slide5.xml.rels
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üDU\†¼ûäñ ñ ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide5.xml
[Sources]
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/commas/index.html
[/Sources]5PK
üDU\þQ eË Ë * ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide5.xml.rels
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üDU\ùeë<ÚH ÚH ppt/slides/slide6.xml
3. Question Mark (?) ?Core ideaEnds a directquestion.How to use itUse after a direct question (not an indirect one).Use with tag questions when phrased as a question.In brackets, (?) can show uncertainty about a detail.Examples Example 1Which variables did you control during the second trial? Example 2You finished the bibliography, didn’t you? Example 3The diary is dated 1423(?) in the catalog entry.PK
üDU\®b“â â ppt/slides/_rels/slide6.xml.rels
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üDU\‚\ußö ö ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide6.xml
[Sources]
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/punctuation/index.html
[/Sources]6PK
üDU\=|”ÖË Ë * ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide6.xml.rels
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üDU\ƒÑðw¸H ¸H ppt/slides/slide7.xml
4. Exclamation Mark (!) !Core ideaAdds strong emotionor emphasis.How to use itShow strong feeling (surprise, excitement, anger).Emphasize warnings or urgent commands.Use sparingly in formal writing to avoid sounding exaggerated.Examples Example 1Stop—there’s a car coming! Example 2That’s incredible news! Example 3Please, don’t touch the sample—it’s fragile!PK
üDU\R€Hâ â ppt/slides/_rels/slide7.xml.rels
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üDU\—¾ö ö ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide7.xml
[Sources]
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/punctuation/index.html
[/Sources]7PK
üDU\|g¸Ë Ë * ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide7.xml.rels
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üDU\�ÀÔúJ úJ ppt/slides/slide8.xml
5. Colon (:) :Core ideaIntroducesa list or explanation.How to use itIntroduce a list after a complete sentence.Introduce an explanation, definition, or emphasis.Introduce a quotation or example.Use in time and ratios (9:30 a.m.; 3:1).Examples Example 1Bring three items: an ID, a notebook, and a calculator. Example 2She had one rule: be honest, even when it’s uncomfortable. Example 3The schedule is clear: meet at 09:30, then begin Q&A at 10:15.PK
üDU\Q“Mâ â ppt/slides/_rels/slide8.xml.rels
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üDU\×qXÑ ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide8.xml
[Sources]
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/multilingual/multilingual_students/punctuation/semicolons_colons_and_parentheses.html
[/Sources]8PK
üDU\p÷O¨Ë Ë * ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide8.xml.rels
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üDU\¸ä.ZI ZI ppt/slides/slide9.xml
6. Semicolon (;) ;Core ideaLinks closelyrelated sentences.How to use itJoin two closely related independent clauses (stronger than a comma, softer than a period).Separate items in a complex list when items already contain commas.Use before conjunctive adverbs (however, therefore) when they link clauses.Examples Example 1The data were incomplete; the conclusions were necessarily tentative. Example 2I packed for Rome, Italy; Lyon, France; and Porto, Portugal. Example 3She wanted to leave; however, the last train had already gone.PK
üDU\¸a–â â ppt/slides/_rels/slide9.xml.rels
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üDU\¤(y»` ` ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide9.xml
[Sources]
- https://www.merriam-webster.com/grammar/a-guide-to-using-semicolons
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/multilingual/multilingual_students/punctuation/semicolons_colons_and_parentheses.html
[/Sources]9PK
üDU\1ìÃÆË Ë * ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide9.xml.rels
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üDU\›·™G?I ?I ppt/slides/slide10.xml
7. Apostrophe (’) ’Core ideaShows possessionor contractions.How to use itShow possession: singular (the student’s laptop) and plural (the students’ laptops).Form contractions: it’s, don’t, we’re.Avoid using apostrophes to make simple plurals (Incorrect: apple’s).Examples Example 1The editor’s comments were precise and surprisingly kind. Example 2The students’ projects improved after the peer-review session. Example 3It’s easy to forget that who’s and whose are different words.PK
üDU\»˜>Àå å ! ppt/slides/_rels/slide10.xml.rels
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üDU\w=œO O ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide10.xml
[Sources]
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/multilingual/multilingual_students/punctuation/quotation_marks_and_apostrophes.html
- https://www.merriam-webster.com/grammar/punctuation
[/Sources]10PK
üDU\ÄTœÅÌ Ì + ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide10.xml.rels
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üDU\‚@?9xK xK ppt/slides/slide11.xml
8. Quotation Marks (“ �) “ �Core ideaEnclose direct speechor quoted text.How to use itEnclose direct quotations (spoken or written).Use for titles of short works (articles, poems) in many styles.Use “scare quotes� cautiously to show irony or special meaning.In American English, commas and periods typically go inside closing quotes.Examples Example 1Riya whispered, “Keep the door closed until the test is done.� Example 2The report calls this pattern “selection bias� in the methodology section. Example 3Have you read “The Lottery� by Shirley Jackson?PK
üDU\nˆå å ! ppt/slides/_rels/slide11.xml.rels
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üDU\ËjA£i i ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide11.xml
[Sources]
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/punctuation/index.html
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/multilingual/multilingual_students/punctuation/quotation_marks_and_apostrophes.html
[/Sources]11PK
üDU\…O«Ì Ì + ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide11.xml.rels
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üDU\œø¼0I 0I ppt/slides/slide12.xml
9. Hyphen (-) -Core ideaJoins wordsinto one modifier.How to use itCreate compound modifiers before a noun (well-known author).Spell out certain numbers (twenty-one) and fractions used as adjectives (two-thirds majority).Avoid ambiguity (re-sign vs resign; small-business owner).Examples Example 1She’s a well-known researcher in computational linguistics. Example 2They proposed a high-risk, high-reward strategy for the launch. Example 3We adopted a two-year-old dog with endless energy.PK
üDU\rs"¨å å ! ppt/slides/_rels/slide12.xml.rels
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üDU\9+S S ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide12.xml
[Sources]
- https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/HyphensEnDashesEmDashes/faq0002.html
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/hyphen_use.html
[/Sources]12PK
üDU\Fb„Ì Ì + ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide12.xml.rels
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üDU\È(«6K 6K ppt/slides/slide13.xml
10. Dash (Em Dash) (—) —Core ideaCreates a strong breakor emphasis.How to use itSet off extra information like parentheses—often with more emphasis.Show an interruption or abrupt change in thought.Introduce a summarizing phrase or dramatic list.Note: An en dash (–) is often used for ranges (pp. 10–18).Examples Example 1The answer—unexpectedly—was yes. Example 2If you want to improve—practice deliberately, not casually. Example 3Three rules—clarity, brevity, and accuracy—guide this style.PK
üDU\¶…”qå å ! ppt/slides/_rels/slide13.xml.rels
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üDU\&I¸) ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide13.xml
[Sources]
- https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/HyphensEnDashesEmDashes/faq0002.html
[/Sources]13PK
üDU\yvÌ Ì + ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide13.xml.rels
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üDU\IÍH„I I ppt/slides/slide14.xml
11. Parentheses (( )) ( )Core ideaAdds extra(nonessential) information.How to use itInsert additional information that’s helpful but not essential.Add clarifying details, dates, or abbreviations.Use in academic writing for citations or sample sizes (n = 12).Examples Example 1The device shipped in 2023 (after two major delays). Example 2We tested 12 samples (n = 12) before drawing conclusions. Example 3The World Health Organization (WHO) issued new guidance.PK
üDU\)Oå å ! ppt/slides/_rels/slide14.xml.rels
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üDU\mææ‘ ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide14.xml
[Sources]
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/multilingual/multilingual_students/punctuation/semicolons_colons_and_parentheses.html
[/Sources]14PK
üDU\�?Ý¤Ì Ì + ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide14.xml.rels
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üDU\+
="5I 5I ppt/slides/slide15.xml
12. Brackets ([ ]) [ ]Core ideaAdds clarificationinside quoted text.How to use itAdd editorial clarification inside a quotation.Use [sic] to indicate an original error in quoted material.Use to add notes like [emphasis added] or to clarify pronouns.Examples Example 1“They [the auditors] requested more evidence before approval.� Example 2“It’s definately [sic] important to proofread,� the memo said. Example 3“The results were ‘inconclusive’ [emphasis added] in the summary.�PK
üDU\í¹±Éå å ! ppt/slides/_rels/slide15.xml.rels
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üDU\{ý‡ý÷ ÷ ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide15.xml
[Sources]
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/punctuation/index.html
[/Sources]15PK
üDU\À$QÊÌ Ì + ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide15.xml.rels
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üDU\îüz\"I "I ppt/slides/slide16.xml
13. Ellipsis (…) …Core ideaSignals omitted textor a trailing thought.How to use itShow omitted words within a quotation (when allowed by your style guide).Indicate a trailing thought or unfinished sentence.Create a pause for effect in informal writing—use carefully in formal work.Examples Example 1She promised to call… eventually. Example 2The witness stated that “the lights … went out suddenly.� Example 3If we could just… never mind; I’ll explain later.PK
üDU\à¤xå å ! ppt/slides/_rels/slide16.xml.rels
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üDU\¦ðŸRÝ Ý ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide16.xml
[Sources]
- https://www.merriam-webster.com/grammar/punctuation
[/Sources]16PK
üDU\ ÅyÌ Ì + ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide16.xml.rels
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üDU\.“ðŸ+K +K ppt/slides/slide17.xml
14. Slash (/) /Core ideaShows alternativesor “per�.How to use itShow alternatives (and/or, pass/fail) when space is tight.Mean “per� in measurements (miles/hour).Write fractions (1/2) or dates in some formats (03/14/2026).Use sparingly—words are often clearer than slashes.Examples Example 1Applicants must choose a pass/fail grading option for the workshop. Example 2The dosage is 5 mg/kg/day according to the protocol. Example 3Mix 1/2 cup water with 1/4 cup vinegar, then stir thoroughly.PK
üDU\$R¡å å ! ppt/slides/_rels/slide17.xml.rels
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üDU\4;T•Ý Ý ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide17.xml
[Sources]
- https://www.merriam-webster.com/grammar/punctuation
[/Sources]17PK
üDU\BIÌ Ì + ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide17.xml.rels
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üDU\_\�¨�J �J ppt/slides/slide18.xml
Common punctuation mistakes (and fixes) Comma spliceIncorrect: The results look promising, we need more trials.Better: The results look promising, but we need more trials.Also OK: The results look promising; we need more trials. Its vs. it’sIncorrect: The robot lost it’s calibration.Correct: The robot lost its calibration.(“it’s� = “it is�; “its� = possessive.) Hyphen vs. dashIncorrect: a well – known author (spaces + wrong dash)Correct: a well-known author (hyphen).Em dash: He agreed—reluctantly—to help. Colon misuseIncorrect: My favorite fruits are: apples and mangoes.Correct: My favorite fruits are apples and mangoes.Or: My favorite fruits are these: apples and mangoes.PK
üDU\Þ1<»å å ! ppt/slides/_rels/slide18.xml.rels
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üDU\®žÞÉ É ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide18.xml
[Sources]
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/commas/index.html
- https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/HyphensEnDashesEmDashes/faq0002.html
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/multilingual/multilingual_students/punctuation/semicolons_colons_and_parentheses.html
[/Sources]18PK
üDU\N‚Ì Ì + ppt/notesSlides/_rels/notesSlide18.xml.rels
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üDU\ýtYap" p" ppt/slides/slide19.xml
Quick practice (choose the best punctuation)Fill in the missing punctuation mark. (Answers on the next slide.) 1) After the storm __ the power returned within minutes.2) She asked __ “Have you seen my keys?�3) Bring three tools __ a ruler, a compass, and a calculator.4) The committee approved the plan __ however, funding is limited.5) The students __ laptops were collected at the end of the exam.PK
üDU\ÇŠbå å ! ppt/slides/_rels/slide19.xml.rels
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üDU\Üì«Të ë ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide19.xml
[Sources]
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/index.html
[/Sources]19PK
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üDU\¸ê â5 â5 ppt/slides/slide20.xml
Practice answers + explanations1Comma — Introductory phrase: “After the storm, …�2Comma — Speech tag + direct quote: “She asked, “…��3Colon — A complete clause introduces a list.4Semicolon — Two independent clauses; “however� is a transition.5Apostrophe — Plural possession: “students’ laptops.�PK
üDU\N>¾å å ! ppt/slides/_rels/slide20.xml.rels
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üDU\Ô~AØ Ø ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide20.xml
[Sources]
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/commas/index.html
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/multilingual/multilingual_students/punctuation/semicolons_colons_and_parentheses.html
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/multilingual/multilingual_students/punctuation/quotation_marks_and_apostrophes.html
[/Sources]20PK
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üDU\Jß@(±G ±G ppt/slides/slide21.xml
References (credible sources)Use these for further study or to match a specific style guide.Purdue OWL — Punctuation (Overview + specific marks)https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/index.htmlPurdue OWL — Commashttps://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/commas/index.htmlPurdue OWL — Quotation Marks & Apostropheshttps://owl.purdue.edu/owl/multilingual/multilingual_students/punctuation/quotation_marks_and_apostrophes.htmlPurdue OWL — Semicolons, Colons, and Parentheseshttps://owl.purdue.edu/owl/multilingual/multilingual_students/punctuation/semicolons_colons_and_parentheses.htmlMerriam‑Webster — Punctuation & Semicolon Guidehttps://www.merriam-webster.com/grammar/punctuationChicago Manual of Style Q&A — Hyphens, en dashes, em dasheshttps://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/HyphensEnDashesEmDashes/faq0002.htmlImages: Unsplash (desk flat-lays).PK
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[Sources]
- https://unsplash.com/license
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/index.html
- https://www.merriam-webster.com/grammar/punctuation
- https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/HyphensEnDashesEmDashes/faq0002.html
[/Sources]21PK
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7/23/19Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth level‹#›PK
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